2014년 5월 18일 일요일

kali linux gpg error 칼리 리눅스 gpg 에러

kali linux gpg error 칼리 리눅스 gpg 에러

에러 발생시 다음과 같이 조치 하면 진행 된다.

gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key  ED444FF07D8D0BF6


gpg -a --export ED444FF07D8D0BF6 | sudo apt-key add -


지속적으로 문제 발생시 gpg키 삭제후 재시도 해본다.




2014년 5월 17일 토요일

debian source list add backtack

If you are not familiar with piping this is what this long string of command means:

1. wget http://all.repository.backtrack-linux.org/backtrack.gpg

2. sudo apt-key add backtrack.gpg

wget http://all.repository.backtrack-linux.org/backtrack.gpg -O -

This means download backtrack.gpg and output to stdout (standard output stream)

sudo apt-key add -

This means add apt-key from the stdin (standard input stream)

wget http://all.repository.backtrack-linux.org/backtrack.gpg -O – | sudo apt-key add -

Add the repositories

Edit the file /etc/apt/sources.list with your favourite text editor.

#backtrack
deb http://all.repository.backtrack-linux.org revolution main microverse non-free testing
deb http://all.repository.backtrack-linux.org revolution main microverse non-free testing
deb http://all.repository.backtrack-linux.org revolution main microverse non-free testing

2014년 5월 6일 화요일

freebsd x60 /etc/ 설정 파일

 /etc/rc.conf

#vesa mode
allscreens_flags="-g 132x60 MODE_280"
#host mode
hostname="x60_fly"
keymap="us.iso.kbd"

# wireless
wlans_wpi0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"

#ssh server
sshd_enable="YES"

# power saving
powerd_enable="YES"
performance_cx_lowest="C3"
economy_cx_lowest="C3"

# Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable
dumpdev="NO"
dbus_enable="YES"
hald_enable="YES"
gdm_enable="YES"
linux_enable="YES"
gnome_enabLe="YES"
polkitd_enable="YES"

# disable sendmail
sendmail_enable="NONE"

# trackpad scrolling
moused_enable="YES"
moused_flags="-V"


# auto usb hdd mount
devfs_system_ruleset="mypassport"
fusefs_enable="YES"
fuse_load="YES"


/etc/sysctl.conf


# $FreeBSD: release/10.0.0/etc/sysctl.conf 112200 2003-03-13 18:43:50Z mux $
#
#  This file is read when going to multi-user and its contents piped thru
#  ``sysctl'' to adjust kernel values.  ``man 5 sysctl.conf'' for details.
#

# Uncomment this to prevent users from seeing information about processes that
# are being run under another UID.
#security.bsd.see_other_uids=0






 #대기 모드 진입 금지 옵션
debug.bootverbose=1






debug.acpi.suspend_bounce=1
# 크롬 실행 위한 설정
kern.ipc.shm_allow_removed=1

hw.acpi.verbose=1
hw.acpi.reset_video=1

hw.acpi.lid_switch_state=S3
hw.acpi.sleep_button_state=S3
hw.acpi.sleep_delay=3
hw.acpi.power_button_state=S5

# enable ThinkPad buttons
dev.acpi_ibm.0.events=1
dev.acpi_ibm.0.fan_level=0

# allow regular users to mount removable devices
vfs.usermount=1

# disable speaker beep
hw.syscons.bell=0



2014년 5월 1일 목요일

리눅스 매직 키

Using the Magic SysRq Key

The SysRq key is located near the Scroll Lock key on your keyboard – the Sys Rq key is generally the same as your Print Screen key. The “magic” SysRq combination is Alt+SysRq.

To use this key combination, your Linux kernel must have been compiled with the CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ compile option – most Linux distributions will have this enabled by default. Assuming it’s compiled into your kernel, it can be enabled or disabled on a running system by changing the value of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq. To check if it’s enabled, run the following command:

    cat /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

If you see a “1”, the magic SysRq key is enabled.

image

If you see a “0”, you’ll have to enable it yourself by running the following command as root:

    echo “1” > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

Dealing With a Frozen X Server

If your X server (the program that runs your graphical desktop) freezes, you may find yourself unable to use your system. There are a few magic SysRq commands that can help:

    Alt + SysRq + r – Takes the keyboard out of raw mode, taking control away from the X server. After running this combination, you should be able to use the Ctrl + Alt + F1 (and other F-key) keyboard shortcuts to switch to another console and restart X.
    Alt + SysRq + k – Kills all programs on the current virtual console, including X. You can also enable the Ctrl+Alt+Backspace keyboard shortcut in Ubuntu’s keyboard preferences to restart your X server – however, this shortcut is implemented by the X server and may not always work.

Cleanly Restarting Your System

Used in sequence, some of these actions can be used to cleanly end processes, flush data to disk, unmount all file systems, and restart your computer. To perform this process, press and hold the Alt + SysRq key combination and – while holding the Alt and SysRq keys down — type the following keys in order, pausing for several seconds in between each key:

    reisub

The mnemonic “Raising Elephants Is So Utterly Boring” is often used to remember this sequence. Here’s what each key does:

    r – Puts the keyboard into raw mode, taking control of it away from the X server.
    e – Sends the terminate signal to all processes, asking them to end gracefully.
    i – Sends the kill signal to all processes, forcing them to end immediately.
    s – Flushes data from your cache to disk.
    u – Remounts all file systems read-only.
    b – Reboots your computer.

More Commands

Here are some other actions you can perform with the magic SysRq key. To perform an action, press and hold the Alt + SysRq keys while typing the letter:

    n – Resets the nice level (priority) of all high and realtime priority processes.
    f – Calls oom_kill, which will kill a memory-hogging process.
    o – Shuts off the computer.

There are other actions, but they may be more useful to developers than the average Linux geek. For more information on the magic SysRq key – and a full list of actions you can perform – consult the sysrq.txt file included with the Linux kernel.

freebsd magic key

* How do I use the magic SysRQ key? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ On x86 - You press the key combo 'ALT-SysRQ-<command key>'. Note - Some (older?) may not have a key labeled 'SysRQ'. The 'SysRQ' key is also known as the 'Print Screen' key.

On SPARC - You press 'ALT-STOP-<command key>', I believe.

On PowerPC - You press 'ALT-Print Screen-<command key>'.

On other - If you know of the key combos for other architectures, please let me know so I can add them to this section.

* What are the 'command' keys? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 'r' - Turns off keyboard raw mode and sets it to XLATE.

'k' - Kills all programs on the current virtual console.

'b' - Will immediately reboot the system without syncing or unmounting your disks.

'o' - Will shut your system off (if configured and supported).

's' - Will attempt to sync all mounted filesystems.

'u' - Will attempt to remount all mounted filesystems read-only.

'p' - Will dump the current registers and flags to your console.

't' - Will dump a list of current tasks and their information to your console.

'm' - Will dump current memory info to your console.

'0'-'9' - Sets the console log level, controlling which kernel messages will be printed to your console. ('0', for example would make it so that only emergency messages like PANICs or OOPSes would make it to your console.)

'e' - Send a SIGTERM to all processes, except for init.

'i' - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, except for init.

'l' - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, INCLUDING init. (Your system will be non-functional after this.)

* Okay, so what can I use them for?

2014년 4월 30일 수요일

freebsd consol screen size change

    280 (0×118) 0x0000001f G 1024x768x32 D   8×16  0xa0000 64k 64k 0xf3000000 3072k

(mode 280 is 1024 x 768 in 32-bit colour and uses a 8×16 font)

This is the mode I want to use, and I want to increase my geometry from 80×25 to 132×60, so I can type the following command to one-time set it:

    vidcontrol -g 132×60 MODE_280 < /dev/console

 /etc/rc.conf file:

    allscreens_flags="-g 132×60 MODE_280"

 /boot/loader.conf file:

    vesa_load="YES"

FreeBSD 10 color csh shell [컬러쉘사용 위한 설정]

 /etc$ cat profile


#csh
setenv LANG ko_KR.UTF-8
setenv LC_ALL ko_KR.UTF-8

#bash
#export LANG=ko_KR.UTF-8
#export LC_ALL=ko_KR.UTF-8

export LSCOLORS=hxgxbxBxHxfxDxHxHxhxhx

root@hostname :/etc # cat csh.cshrc

# $FreeBSD: release/10.0.0/etc/csh.cshrc 50472 1999-08-27 23:37:10Z peter $
#
# System-wide .cshrc file for csh(1).
setenv LANG ko_KR.UTF-8
setenv LC_ALL ko_KR.UTF-8

set prompt="%{\e[32;1m%}%n%{\e[37m%}@%{\e[33m%}%m%{\e[37m%}:%{\e[36m%}%~%{\e[37m%}"\$"%{\e[0m%} "

alias ls        ls -FG

2014년 4월 29일 화요일

/usr/ports 의 make clean 진행


/usr/ports 의 make clean 진행
#!/bin/sh
#
# Search for ports that contain a "work" subdirectory,
# then go into that port directory and perform a
# make clean

for i in `find /usr/ports -name work -type d`
 do
  cd `echo "$i" | sed 's/\/[^\/]*$/\//'`
  make clean
 done



아래는 모두클린
cd /usr/ports && make clean

freebsd 시스템 튠닝 관련 명령

freebsd 시스템 튠닝 관련 명령

프비 비프음 끄기

# sysctl hw.syscons.bell=0

Make sure settings remains same after you reboot the laptop, enter:
 
# echo "hw.syscons.bell=0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

Test it:
 
# reboot

FreeBSD 네트웍 재시작 방법

FreeBSD 네트웍 재시작 방법 

To start FreeBSD network service:
# /etc/rc.d/netif start
To stop FreeBSD network service:
# /etc/rc.d/netif stop
To restart FreeBSD network service:
# /etc/rc.d/netif restart

Manual method using ifconfig

To stop network card (NIC) on-fly:
# ifconfig network-interface down
To start network card (NIC) on fly:
# ifconfig network-interface up
To list down network interface:
# ifconfig -d
To list up network interface:
# ifconfig -u

FreeBSD Update / restart routing tables / service

It is also necessary to update routing table after restating networking service, enter:
# /etc/rc.d/routing restart

How do I restart network service over ssh session?

You need to type the commands as follows in order to avoid any problems:
# /etc/rc.d/netif restart && /etc/rc.d/routing restart

FreeBSD 4.x and prior version only - start, restart, stop network service

1) To start network service under FreeBSD you need to copy special
script as follows:
# cp /usr/share/examples/etc/netstart /etc/network
2) Execute script:
. /etc/network
OR
sh /etc/network
Please note that script will do all necessary work for you i.e. it will start network, routing, firewall etc.

Freebsd wifi

서비스 시작
Service net stop
Start

2014년 4월 28일 월요일

FreeBSD 10 Realse X-windows 설치

FreeBSD 10 Realse  X-windows  설치

빠른 설치 위해 한국 카이스트 미러로 설정 한다.
아래 경로는 직접 접속 하셔서 확인 후 설정 하세요
버젼 정보 또한 그렇게 하세요

setenv PACKAGESITE ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-10.0-release/Latest/

pkg install lxde-meta
pkg install gdm

dbus, hald, gdm 을 부팅시 실행 되도록 추가합니다.

 echo 'dbus_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
 echo 'hald_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
 echo 'gdm_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
 echo 'linux_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf

# sshd root connect option
 echo 'sshd_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf


Xorg -configure
cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf

ssh root connect method

# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

아래내용 #PermitRootLogin no 를 검색 하여 주석 제거 및 yes 로 변경

변경전
# Authentication:

#LoginGraceTime 2m
#PermitRootLogin no
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10

변경후
# Authentication:

#LoginGraceTime 2m
PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10


#csh
setenv LANG ko_KR.UTF-8
setenv LC_ALL ko_KR.UTF-8

#bash
export LANG=ko_KR.UTF-8


freebsd 10 realse package 설치 방법

freebsd 10 realse package  설치 방법

pkg install [package_name] 설치 

pkg delete [package_name] 삭제


 

2014년 4월 27일 일요일

freebsd boot 시 2번 싱글 모드 사용 방법

freebsd 2번 싱글 모드
진입

싱글 부팅 후 파일 시스템 RW 권한 획득 하기 위해 아래 실행
# mount -u /
# mount -a

파일시스템 읽고 쓰기  위명령 실행

vi passwd 및 

chsh -> shell  변경 하는것



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